Twilight

Hump... Akhir-akhir nie... ramai banget pada bicarain film yang di angkat dari novel karya Stephenie Meyer.Twilight,seri pertama dari novel karya Stephenie Meyer. Seri ini menggambarkan tentang tokoh utamanya, yaitu Isabella "Bella" Swan, seorang remaja yang pindah ke kota Forks, Washington yang kehidupannya berubah ketika ia bertemu dengan Edward Cullen, seorang vampir 'vegetarian'(tidak minum darah manusia). Seluruh isi seri Twilight itu diceritakan melalui sudut pandang Bella Swan dengan pengecualian epilognya Eclipse dan novel Breaking Dawn. Masih ada 3 seri lagi novel karya Stephenie Meyer,yaitu : New Moon, Eclipse, dan Breaking Dawn.

Jalan Cerita

Twilight

Bella Swan baru saja pindah dari Phoenix, Arizona yang mayoritas bercuaca panas ke Forks, Washington yang mayoritas cuacanya hujan untuk tinggal bersama ayahnya, Charlie, setelah ibunya, Renée, menikah dan tinggal bersama suami barunya, Phil, seorang pemain bisbol. Setelah pindah ke Forks, Bella akhirnya tertarik pada seorang pemuda misterius yang tampan, yang merupakan teman sekelasnya di pelajaran Biologi, Edward Cullen, yang ternyata merupakan seorang vampir vegetarian (vampir yang meminum darah hewan, bukan manusia). Edward mempunyai kemampuan seperti halnya vampir yang lain (kuat, cepat, apabila terkena lmatahari langsung maka tubuhnya berkilauan dan pada saat tertentu matanya dapat berubah warna)selain itu edward juga mempunyai sebuah bakat untuk dapat membaca pikiran orang lain. Pada awalnya, Edward berusaha menjauhi Bella karena Edward selalu merasa tergoda jika menghirup aroma darah Bella. Akan tetapi laa kelamaan akhirnya Edward dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut dan kemudian mereka pun jatuh cinta satu sama lain, yang membuat sekolah membicarakan mereka. Suatu ketika, Bella diajak untuk melihat keluarga Cullen bermain bisbol. Tanpa disangka, tiba-tiba datanglah sekelompok vampir nomaden yang terdiri dari James (vampir dengan bakat melacak), Victoria (vampir dengan insying melarikan diri yang luar biasa hebat dan merupakan pasangan dari James), serta Lauren. Begitu bertemu dengan Bella, James sudah mulai mengincar darah Bella. Semua anggota keluarga Cullen bersatu untuk menyelamatkan Bella. Bella melarikan diri ke Phoenix, Arizona bersama Alice (vampir dengan bakat melihat masa depan) dan Jasper (vampir dengan bakat mengendalikan perasaan di sekitarnya dan merupakan pasangan dari Alice). Saat kabur ke Phoenix, Bella dijebak oleh James. Untungnya Edward dan keluarganya segera menyadari hilangnya Bella dan segera bergegas untuk pergi menyelamatkan Bella. Edward tiba tepat pada waktunya dan berhasil menyelamatkan Bella, setelah itu mereka segera kembali ke Forks dan mengikuti acara prom yang diselenggrakan oleh sekolah mereka.

New Moon

Edward dan keluarganya meninggalkan Forks karena Edward percaya bahwa mereka dapat menempatkan Bella dalam bahaya. Bella jatuh dalam depresi berat, sampai akhirnya ia menemukan sahabat baru yang merupakan seorang werewolf, Jacob Black. Jacob dan werewolf lain dari sukunya harus melindungi Bella dari Victoria, vampir yang berusaha membalas dendam akibat kematian pasangannya, James, dengan berusaha membunuh Bella, yang merupakan pasangan Edward Cullen yang telah membunuh pasangannya. Akibat suatu kesalah pahaman, Edward menyangka Bella sudah meninggal karena bunuh diri. Edward pun memutuskan untuk menyusul Bella dengan meminta sekeluarga vampir senior di Volterra, Italy, tapi kemudian dihentikan oleh Bella dan Alice yang menyusul Edward ke Volterra, Italy. Mereka bertemu dengan Klan Volturi dan mereka segara dibebaskan untuk pergi asalkan Bella harus menjadi vampir suatu saat nanti. Bella dan Edward bertemu kembali, dan Keluarga Cullen kembali ke Forks.

Eclipse

Sang vampir Victoria telah membuat suatu pasukan "vampir baru" untuk melawan Keluarga Cullen dan membunuh Bella. Sementara itu, Bella harus memilih antara hubungannya dengan Edward atau persahabatannya dengan Jacob. Keluarga vampir Edward dan Geng werewolf Jacob bekerja sama dan sukses membasmi Victoria beserta pasukkannya. Akhirnya, Bella memilih Edward dibandingkan Jacob. Jacob pun marah mengetahui pilihan Bella yang memutuskan untuk menjadi vampir. Namun akhirnya ia merelakan hubungan Edward dengan Bella. Jacob dan yang lainnya tidak diketahui lanjutannya lagi.

Breaking Dawn

Bella dan Edward menikah, tapi bulan madu mereka terpotong setelah Bella mengetahui bahwa dirinya hamil. Kehamilannya berjalan amat cepat dan membuat Bella menjadi lemah. Ia hampir meninggal saat melahirkan putrinya yang setengah manusia dan setengah vampir, Renesmee, tetapi Edward menyuntikkan Bella dengan racunnya agar tetap hidup dan berubah menjadi vampir. Seorang vampir dari klan lain melihat Renesmee dan menyangkanya sebagai "immortal child"--anak yang telah digigit oleh vampir, dimana melawan pereturan vampir, kemudian ia menginformasikannya kepada Klan Volturi. Keluarga Cullen mengumpulkan vampir-vampir yang dapat menjadi saksi bahwa Reneesme bukan "immortal child". Keluarga Cullen dan para saksi mata berhasil meyakinkan para Volturi bahwa Renesmee bukan merupakan ancaman, dan mereka hidup tenteram.

Salah satu Masjid “Simply Amazing” di Dunia

Masjid Agung Djenné, Afrika Barat

Masjid Agung Djenne, pada mulanya masjid ini dibangun sepenuhnya dengan bahan “ferey” atau bata dari bahan tanah yang dikeringkan dengan matahari dan diplaster dengan tanah lumpur, dengan ketebalan dinding antara 41 cm dan 61 cm. Masjid ini dibangun pada abad ke-13 dan direnovasi pada tahun 1834. Masjid yang terlihat pada gambar ini dibangun ulang kembali pada awal abad ke-20 dan selesai sekitar 1909. dengan bantuan dan dukungan Pemerintah Perancis dimana pada pada saat itu Djenné adalah negeri jajahan Perancis di Afrika Barat. Pemerintah Prancis telah memberi bantuan dan dukungan politik serta dana untuk pembangunan kembali Masjid Agung Djenné ini.

Satu-satunya bagian asli bangunan yang masih dipertahankan dari masjid ini adalah ruang dasar (kandang) yaitu tempat kuburan atau makam pemimpin-pemimpin lokal bangsa Djenné.

Masjid Agung ini berlokasi di tepi Sungai Bani Kumba, pada platform atau site yang telah ditinggikan dengan luas permukaan bidang 5625 m², sehingga terlindung dari banjir.

Setiap tahun, masjid Djenné mendapat perawatan atau perbaikan dalam rangka menyambut berbagai perayaan festival rakyat sebagai hiburan yang luarbiasa, serta menyenangkan bagi masyarakat Djenné.

Masjid Agung Djenné adalah salah satu “Situs Warisan Dunia” yang ditetapkan oleh UNESCO pada tahun 1988″, yang dapat dikunjungi setiap saat, tetapi tidak dibolehkan memasuki bangunan, kecuali anda Muslim. Masjid Agung ini telah ditutup untuk non-Muslim pada tahun 1996, akibat dari kerusuhan dan penembakkan salah seorang official fotografi majalah Vogue Prancis di dalam masjid.

Wedding

A wedding is the ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnic groups, religions, countries, and social classes. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of wedding vows by the couple, presentation of a ring or rings, and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or religious leader. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayer or readings from Scripture may also be incorporated in the ceremony.

Global warming

Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century, and its projected continuation.

The average global air temperature near the Earth's surface increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 100 years ending in 2005.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (man-made) greenhouse gas concentrations" via an enhanced greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward.

These basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least 30 scientific societies and academies of science,including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.While individual scientists have voiced disagreement with some findings of the IPCC,the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change agree with the IPCC's main conclusions.

Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the twenty-first century.[1] This range of values results from the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of the oceans.

Increasing global temperature is expected to cause sea levels to rise, an increase in the intensity of extreme weather events, and significant changes to the amount and pattern of precipitation, likely leading to an expanse of tropical areas and increased pace of desertification. Other expected effects of global warming include changes in agricultural yields, modifications of trade routes, glacier retreat, mass species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.

Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming expected in the future, and how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expected consequences.

Family

Family denotes a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, and co-residence. Although the concept of consanguinity originally referred to relations by "blood," many anthropologists have argued that one must understand the notion of "blood" metaphorically, and that many societies understand 'family' through other concepts rather than through genetic distance.

Many sociologists and anthropologists believe the primary function of the family is to reproduce society, either biologically, socially, or both. Thus, one's experience of one's family shifts over time. From the perspective of children, the family is a family of orientation: the family serves to locate children socially, and plays a major role in their enculturation and socialization. From the point of view of the parent(s), the family is a family of procreation the goal of which is to produce and enculturate and socialize children. However, producing children is not the only function of the family; in societies with a sexual division of labor, marriage, and the resulting relationship between two people, is necessary for the formation of an economically productive household.

A conjugal family consists of one or more mothers and their children, and/or one or more spouses, usually husbands. The most common form of this family in the western world is regularly referred to as a nuclear family.

A consanguineal family consists of a mother and her children, and other people — usually the family of the mother, like her husband. This kind of family is common where mothers do not have the resources to rear their children on their own, and especially where property is inherited. When important property is owned by men, consanguineal families commonly consist of a husband and wife, their children and other members of the husband's family.

A matrifocal family consists of a mother and her children. Generally, these children are her biological offspring, although adoption of children is a practice in nearly every society. This kind of family is common where women have the resources to rear their children by themselves, or where men are more mobile than women.

Flower

A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds. The process begins with pollination, is followed by fertilization, leading to the formation and dispersal of the seeds. For the higher plants, seeds are the next generation, and serve as the primary means by which individuals of a species are dispersed across the landscape. The grouping of flowers on a plant are called the inflorescence.

In addition to serving as the reproductive organs of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans, mainly to beautify their environment but also as a source of food.

Altruism

Altruism is selfless concern for the welfare of others. It is a traditional virtue in many cultures, and central to many religious traditions. This idea was often described as the Golden rule of ethics. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness.

Altruism can be distinguished from a feeling of loyalty and duty. Altruism focuses on a motivation to help others or a want to do good without reward, while duty focuses on a moral obligation towards a specific individual (for example, God, a king), a specific organization (for example, a government), or an abstract concept (for example, patriotism etc). Some individuals may feel both altruism and duty, while others may not. Pure altruism is giving without regard to reward or the benefits of recognition.

The concept has a long history in philosophical and ethical thought, and has more recently become a topic for psychologists (especially evolutionary psychology researchers), sociologists, evolutionary biologists, and ethologists. While ideas about altruism from one field can have an impact on the other fields, the different methods and focuses of these fields lead to different perspectives on altruism. Researches on altruism were sparked in particular after the murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964, who was stabbed during half an hour, with passive witnesses withholding themselves from helping her.